The monochromatic optical aberrations of the eye degrade retinal image quality. Any significant aberrations during postnatal development could contribute to infants’ immature visual performance and provide signals for the control of eye growth. Aberrations of human infant eyes from 5 to 7 weeks old were compared with those of adult subjects using a model of an adultlike infant eye that accounted for differences in both eye and pupil size. Data were collected using the COAS Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The results demonstrate that the higher order aberrations of the 5-to-7-week-old eye are less than a factor of 2 greater than predicted for an adultlike infant eye of this age. The data are discussed in the context of infants’ visual performance and the signals available for controlling growth of the eye.