Volume 7, Number 1, Article 3, Pages 1-15 doi:10.1167/7.1.3 http://journalofvision.org/7/1/3/ ISSN 1534-7362
Some observations on the pedestal effect
G. Bruce Henning
The Sensory Research Unit, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Felix A. Wichmann
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract

The pedestal or dipper effect is the large improvement in the detectability of a sinusoidal grating observed when it is added to a masking or pedestal grating of the same spatial frequency, orientation, and phase. We measured the pedestal effect in both broadband and notched noise—noise from which a 1.5-octave band centered on the signal frequency had been removed. Although the pedestal effect persists in broadband noise, it almost disappears in the notched noise. Furthermore, the pedestal effect is substantial when either high- or low-pass masking noise is used. We conclude that the pedestal effect in the absence of notched noise results principally from the use of information derived from channels with peak sensitivities at spatial frequencies different from that of the signal and the pedestal. We speculate that the spatial-frequency components of the notched noise above and below the spatial frequency of the signal and the pedestal prevent “off-frequency looking,” that is, prevent the use of information about changes in contrast carried in channels tuned to spatial frequencies that are very much different from that of the signal and the pedestal. Thus, the pedestal or dipper effect measured without notched noise appears not to be a characteristic of individual spatial-frequency-tuned channels.

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History
Received April 14, 2006; published January 11, 2007
Citation
Henning, G. B., & Wichmann, F. A. (2007). Some observations on the pedestal effect. Journal of Vision, 7(1):3, 1-15, http://journalofvision.org/7/1/3/, doi:10.1167/7.1.3.
Keywords
contrast discrimination, off-frequency looking, contrast gain control, nonlinear transducer function, dipper effect, masking, spatial vision
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