The effect of distractor homogeneity and target–distractor similarity on visual search was previously explored under two models designed for computer vision. We extend these models here to account for internal noise and to evaluate their ability to predict human performance. In four experiments, observers searched for a horizontal target among distractors of different orientation (orientation search; Experiments 1 and 2) or a gray target among distractors of different color (color search; Experiments 3 and 4). Distractor homogeneity and target–distractor similarity were systematically manipulated. We then tested our models' ability to predict the search performance of human observers. Our models' predictions were closer to human performance than those of other prominent quantitative models.