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| Volume 9, Number 6, Article 1, Pages 1-10 |
doi:10.1167/9.6.1 |
http://journalofvision.org/9/6/1/ |
ISSN 1534-7362 |
Long-lasting modulation of feature integration
by transcranial magnetic stimulation
Frank Scharnowski |
Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, & Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging – Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom |
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Johannes Rüter |
Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Jacob Jolij |
Experimental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands |
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Frouke Hermens |
Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, & Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom |
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Thomas Kammer |
Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany |
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Michael H. Herzog |
Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Abstract
The human brain analyzes a visual object first by basic feature detectors. On the objects way to a conscious percept, these features are integrated in subsequent stages of the visual hierarchy. The time course of this feature integration is largely unknown. To shed light on the temporal dynamics of feature integration, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to a feature fusion paradigm. In feature fusion, two stimuli which differ in one feature are presented in rapid succession such that they are not perceived individually but as one single stimulus only. The fused percept is an integration of the features of both stimuli. Here, we show that TMS can modulate this integration for a surprisingly long period of time, even though the individual stimuli themselves are not consciously perceived. Hence, our results reveal a long-lasting integration process of unconscious feature traces.
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